This can be reiterated indefinitely so there is an indefinite number of parts in Desire and so in the soul. The lifelong vegetarian in this example desires and is disgusted by the bacon because they desire meat and are disgusted by it, but what if meat-desire desires lean meat only, and is disgusted by fatty-meat? Meat-desire will then have its own multiple parts, lean-meat-desire and fatty-meat-disgust. However, philosophers have also argued that Plato’s reasoning generates too many parts. Plato’s argument only generates parts that correspond to relational emotions, which are a sort of intentional mental state. I might feel joy without feeling joy about anything specific more likely, I might feel sad without anything to feel sad about. It’s not clear how you’d get Joy and Sadness out of this argument. One view is that the reasoning may not generate enough parts in the soul. There are lots of questions you might have about Plato’s argument. This vegetarian desires and is disgusted by bacon, so has two parts in the soul: Desire and Disgust.
We can all think of examples where a soul desires and is disgusted by the same thing, say, a lifelong vegetarian who craves bacon. Second, I think we all agree that desire and disgust are opposite relations. Plato’s argument: “no single thing bears opposite relations to another thing.” In that case, the mountain is not single: it has two parts, one above the waterline and one below. On the other hand, a mountain can be both above the waterline and below the water line, so it bears opposite relations to the same thing. In that case, the single mountain bears opposite relations, but to different things. The mountain can be larger than a tree on it, but smaller than the sea from which it protrudes. The most abstract idea is the first premise: “no single thing bears opposite relations to another thing”. If the human soul isn’t a single thing, it must have several parts, in this case including Desire and Disgust – to aggressively summarise Republic IV 436b-439c). Therefore, a human soul is not a single thing. Desire is opposite to disgust, yet a human soul can both desire and be disgusted by the same thing. No single thing bears opposite relations to another thing. In Republic IV, Plato’s Socrates uses exactly the same idea for exactly the same purposes, arguing that the soul has parts.īoiled down, Plato’s argument is simple. Inside Out elegantly explains human motivations, conflicting emotions and psychological well-being by presenting multiple parts to one psyche, or soul. From Plato to Pixar: Plato’s argument that the soul has parts Fear, Disgust and Anger, now in charge, wreak havoc on Riley’s feelings, friendships and family, until Joy and Sadness learn to work together for their own sake and Riley’s.
Due to a mishap, Joy and Sadness are lost in the labyrinth of Riley’s long-term memory. This emotional turbulence plays out in Riley’s own mind, where the anthropomorphic emotions – Joy, the leader, uncooperative Sadness, skittish Fear, mean-girl Disgust and volcanic Anger – steer Riley’s ideas and actions. A cross-country move and incipient adolescence disrupt Riley’s childhood emotional register. The film tells the story of 11-year old ice hockey fanatic, Riley. Pixar’s Inside Out (2015) is a modern classic.
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